Retro what?

-
Anteversion and Retroversion


Refers to position of the whole organ. The uterus is considered anteverted if the lower portion of it (cervix) lies towards the front, and retroverted if it inclines posteriorly. 






Anteflexion and Retroflexion
Refers to the shape of the organ, a anteflexed uterus is bent forwards at the junction between the cervix and the body, whereas a retroflexed uterus is bent backwards. 


The uterus may be both Anteverted and retroflexed or retroverted and anteflexed or anteverted and anteflexed or retroverted and retroflexed. 


More about the female genitalia here

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Pleural effusion

-
Image
Definition Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the pleural space between the visceral pleura surounding the lungs and the parietal pleural attatched to the throacic wall. Demographics Pleural effusions are relatively common, but it is a manifestation of other underlying diseases. The prevalence and incidence of pleural effusions is therefore dependent on it's cause. Pathophysiology/causes Pleural fluid is usually filtered from the parietal pleura into the pleural space, due to hydrostatic pressure from the capillaries, negative pressure in the pleural space and pleural oncotic pressure. The visceral pleura is perfused by the pulmonary system which has a lower pressure, and fluid in the pleural space is therefore drawn back in through the visceral pleura due to the higher oncotic pressure in plasma. Some of this fluid is then drained by the lymphatic system.
Read more

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Adults)

-
Image
Definition : A major life threatening metabolic condition occurring in diabetic patients leading to hyperglycaemia , ketoacidosis , dehydration and ketonuria . Pathophysiology:  The lack of insulin primarily leads to hyperglycaemia and ketonaemia:  Insulin insufficiency leads to reduced uptake of glucose into cells and increased blood concentration of glucose.  As glucose are not taken into cells, alternative sources of energy are used.  Most cells break down fatty acids instead of glucose which forms ketones. Ketone levels therefore reflects the glucose deficit in cells.  Lack of insulin also leads to an increase in opposing hormones which lead to increased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. 
Read more

Describing skin lesions

-
Image
Describing lesions  Site, Distribution and symmetry Type of lesion Size Shape - edges, well demarcated? regular/irregular shape? Surface -color and texture, scaly vs non-scaly (epidermis lesions are scaly) Special features - fluid filled?, mobility, temperature/inflammation, other features.
Read more